Social support and religiosity as correlates of happiness among never-married women in Indonesia

Never-married women in Indonesia face social stigma, yet their happiness may relate to social support and religiosity as relational and spiritual resources. This study examined the relationships among social support, religiosity, and happiness, and estimated the variance in happiness explained by the two predictors. A correlational survey involved 82 never-married women aged 26–33 years who were not in romantic relationships. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Online data were collected using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, the Centrality of Religiosity Scale, and the Indonesian Indigenous Happiness Scale, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and a combined regression model summary. Social support was positively correlated with happiness (r = .374, p = .001), as was religiosity (r = .582, p < .001). However, social support was not significantly correlated with religiosity (r = .152, p = .174). The combined model yielded R = .650, R² = .422, and adjusted R² = .408, indicating that 42.2% of the variance in happiness was explained by both variables in the sample. However, the model’s statistical significance and each predictor’s unique contribution could not be established because the F test and partial regression coefficients were unavailable. Most participants reported moderate levels of all three variables. The findings position social support as a relational resource and religiosity as a spiritual meaning system associated with happiness. Practical implications include peer support, psychological assistance, and inclusive religious programs. Causality cannot be inferred, and generalizability is limited by the relatively homogeneous nonprobability sample.